Russian Federation
Currently, the state is concerned about the problem of the harmful effects of alcoholic beverages on the health of not only minors, but also the entire nation as a whole. Therefore, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 11, 2023 No. 3547-r, the "Concept for reducing alcohol consumption in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and beyond”, the main objectives of which are to strengthen the values of a healthy lifestyle, to create an environment that promotes a reduction in alcohol consumption, including strong alcoholic beverages; and to develop a system for preventing alcohol abuse. The problem of alcoholization of society is serious for the state, also because the number of people who committed a crime while intoxicated remains consistently high (around 30%). This problem is of particular importance in terms of protecting the interests and ensuring the health of minors. According to the Russian Ministry of Health, the average age of minors who consume alcohol is 14–15 years. Despite the existing ban on retail sale of alcoholic beverages to minors, cases of ignoring it have become widespread. In this regard, the state has developed a set of measures aimed at combating alcohol abuse among minors, which include administrative and criminal legislation. The article examines some features of identifying a crime under Article 151.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Some problems of law enforcement activities in terms of documenting criminal activity are identified.
minors, retail sales, alcohol products, tobacco products, crime detection, criminal activity documentation, crime investigation
В настоящее время государство обеспокоено проблемой пагубного воздействия алкогольной продукции на здоровье всего населения. Поэтому распоряжением Правительства Российской Федерации от 11 декабря 2023 г. № 3547-р была утверждена «Концепция сокращения потребления алкоголя в Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года и дальнейшую перспективу», основными задачами которой являются укрепление ценностей здорового образа жизни, формирование среды, способствующей сокращению потребления алкоголя, в том числе крепких спиртных напитков; развитие системы профилактики злоупотребления алкогольной продукцией. Проблема алкоголизации общества является для государства серьезной, еще и по тому что показатель количества лиц, совершивших преступление в состоянии алкогольного опьянения стабильно остается на высоким уровне (порядка 30 %).
Особое значение данная проблема приобретает в части защиты интересов и обеспечения здоровья несовершеннолетних. По данным Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, средний возраст несовершеннолетних, употребляющих алкоголь, составляет 14–15 лет. Несмотря на существующий запрет на розничную продажу алкогольной продукции несовершеннолетним, широкое распространение получили случаи его игнорирования. В этой связи государство выработало комплекс мер, направленных на противодействие алкоголизации несовершеннолетних, в число которых входят меры административного и уголовного законодательства.
В статье рассмотрены некоторые особенности выявления преступления, предусмотренного ст. 151.1 УК РФ. Обозначены некоторые проблемы правоприменительной деятельности в части документирования преступной деятельности.
1. Kachalov V. V., ZHabskij V. A., Dyablova YU. L. Osnovnye napravleniya ugolovno-pravovoj zashchity prav i interesov nesovershennoletnih [Main directions of criminal-law protection of rights and interests of minors]. Vestnik obrazovatel'nogo konsorciuma Srednerusskij universitet. Seriya: YUrisprudenciya – Vestnik of the educational consortium Central Russian University. Series: Jurisprudence. 2014, no 4, pp. 46–48. (in Russian).
2. Berndt A. A. Kriminologicheskaya harakteristika svojstv lichnosti, sovershayushchej roznichnuyu prodazhu alkogol'noj produkcii nesovershennoletnim [Criminological characteristics of the properties of a person engaged in retail sale of alcoholic beverages to minors]. Vestnik YUgorskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Vestnik of the Yugra State University. 2019, no. 3(54), pp. 48–53. (in Russian).
3. Bochkarev I. E. K voprosu o kriminalizacii administrativnyh pravonarushenij putem ispol'zovaniya administrativnoj preyudicii [On the issue of criminalization of administrative offenses through the use of administrative prejudice]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo – Vestnik of the Nizhny Novgorod University named after N.I. Lobachevsky. 2019, no. 5, pp. 76–87. (in Russian).
4. Kupin A. F. Organizaciya rassledovaniya roznichnoj prodazhi nesovershennoletnim alkogol'noj produkcii [Organization of the investigation of retail sale of alcoholic beverages to minor]. Doklady Adygskoj (CHerkesskoj) Mezhdunarodnoj akademii nauk – Reports of the Adyghe (Circassian) International Academy of Sciences. 2015. vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 104–109. (in Russian).
5. Deryugin R. A. [Assistance of minors to law enforcement agencies: problems of practice or a gap in the legislator?]. Deyatel'nost' pravoohranitel'nyh organov v sovremennyh usloviyah : sbornik materialov XXIV mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [Activities of law enforcement agencies in modern conditions: collection of materials of the XXIV international scientific and practical conference]. Irkutsk: Vostochno-Sibirskij institut Ministerstva vnutrennih del Rossijskoj Federacii, 2019, pp. 25–27. (in Russian).
6. CHerepanov K. L. [Retail sale of alcoholic beverages to minors (Article 151.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation): the subjective side and its impact on qualification] Bezopasnost' lichnosti, obshchestva i gosudarstva: teoretiko-pravovye aspekty : Sbornik nauchnyh statej XVII mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii [Security of the individual, society and the state: theoretical and legal aspects: Collection of scientific articles of the XVII international scientific conference of students of higher education organizations, St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation]. Sankt-Peterburg, 2024, pp. 713–717. (in Russian).
7. Berndt A. A. Ugolovno-pravovaya harakteristika roznichnoj prodazhi alkogol'noj produkcii nesovershennoletnim : avtoreferat dissertacii na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kandidata yuridicheskih nauk [Criminal-legal characteristics of retail sale of alcoholic beverages to minors abstract of a dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences ]. Ekaterinburg, 2017, 22 p. (in Russian).
8. Baranchikova M. V. K voprosu o kvalifikacii roznichnoj prodazhi nesovershennoletnim alkogol'noj produkcii [On the issue of qualification of retail sale of alcoholic beverages to minors]. Vestnik Kazanskogo yuridicheskogo instituta MVD Rossii – Vestnik of the Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2014, no. 1(15), pp. 41–45. (in Russian).
9. Es'kova L. K. Roznichnaya prodazha nesovershennoletnim alkogol'noj produkcii: nesovershenstva zakonodatel'stva i napravleniya ih ustraneniya [Retail sale of alcoholic beverages to minors: imperfections of legislation and directions for their elimination]. Modern Science. 2021, no. 3-2, pp. 191–194. (in Russian).
