Russian Federation
Vvedenie. V stat'e analiziruyutsya nauchnye trudy M. M. Kovalevskogo, posvyaschennye issledovaniyu obychnogo prava. Podcherkivaetsya vysokaya ocenka trudov rossiyskogo uchenogo ego sovremennikami – evropeyskimi uchenymi samyh raznyh special'nostey. V ego fokuse nahodilis' samye slozhnye voprosy sociologii i obschestvovedeniya. V ego trudah shiroko ispol'zovalis' istoricheskiy, sravnitel'nyy, pravovoy, sociologicheskiy metody issledovaniya. Vsemirnoe priznanie prinesli emu issledovaniya obychnogo prava narodov Kavkaza, ih proishozhdeniya, znacheniya. M. M. Kovalevskiy stremilsya nayti reshenie voprosa o proishozhdenii chastnoy sobstvennosti na zemlyu. Materialy i metody. Metodologicheskuyu osnovu raboty sostavlyaet dialekticheskiy metod poznaniya, kotoryy pozvolil prosledit' vzaimosvyazi mezhdu razlichnymi faktami i sobytiyami. Istoricheskiy metod issledovaniya pozvolil osuschestvit' kratkiy ekskurs v raboty M. M. Kovalevskogo, posvyaschennye fenomenu obychnogo prava. Rezul'taty issledovaniya. V nastoyaschee vremya znachenie trudov Kovalevskogo tol'ko vozrastaet, poskol'ku problemy, kotorymi on zanimalsya, prodolzhayut ostavat'sya fundamental'nymi zadachami gumanitarnoy nauki. Neprehodyaschey empiricheskoy cennost'yu obladayut materialy, sobrannye uchenym v hode ego polevyh issledovaniy, arhivnoy raboty. Vyvody i zaklyucheniya. V period social'noy turbulentnosti voznikaet ostraya neobhodimost' obrascheniya k istokam, znaniyam o tradicionnyh cennostyah, zakonomernostyam istinnyh social'nyh ustoev. V etoy svyazi aktual'nost' issledovaniy po obychnomu pravu vozrastaet. Odnovremenno s etim voznikaet neobhodimost' teoreticheskogo analiza mnogoobraznyh svedeniy o forme, soderzhanii, suschnosti social'nyh norm, opredelyaemyh sovremennoy naukoy kak obychnoe pravo. Vse eto svidetel'stvuet ob aktual'nosti dlya yurisprudencii izucheniya i osmysleniya nauchnogo naslediya velikogo rossiyskogo uchenogo M. M. Kovalevskogo.
law, customary law, anthropology of law, Ossetian customary law, origin of marriage, blood feud, custom of adoption, customary court.
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