employee from 01.01.2020 until now
Irkutsk, Irkutsk region, Russian Federation
Introduction: children are the supreme value and potential of any nation. A child needs special legal protection from the State because, due to his or her age, he or she is not fully capable of understanding his or her needs and realising them independently, nor is he or she able to assert and defend his or her rights independently. The norms of international law lay the foundation for the establishment of norms of law governing the protection of children's rights, including by providing children with access to justice. The 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child contains fundamental provisions that are implemented in the national legislation of the States that have signed it, and the Russian Federation is no exception. States have taken different paths in implementing the norms of the Convention, although each of them has guaranteed full protection of the rights of the child. Materials and Methods: The normative basis of the study is formed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, family, civil and civil procedural legislation in the part regulating the access of minors to justice, generalised materials of law enforcement practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, reflecting the position of the Court on the issue under study. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the general scientific dialectical method; logical, systematic methods, cognitive methods and techniques of observation, comparison, generalisation and description; private-scientific method: formal-legal. The Results of the Study: made it possible to highlight the implementation of the norms of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child concerning the right of a minor to access to justice as an inalienable human right, to define the elements of the content of the procedural legal personality of a minor, to analyse the norms of Russian legislation ensuring the right of a minor to be heard in court, to identify the position of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the application of legal norms enshrining the rights of a minor to access to justice, to compare the rights of a minor to access to justice, to analyse the legal norms of the Russian Federation, and to analyse the position of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the application of legal norms enshrining the rights of a minor to access to justice. Findings and Conclusions: Russian legislation implements the norms of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, which enshrines the right of a minor to be heard in any judicial or administrative proceedings affecting the child, either directly or through a representative or an appropriate body in accordance with the procedure provided for by the norms of national legislation (Articles 56 and 57 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation). Russian legislation, like the Convention, does not provide for a minimum age at which a child may be heard in court. The practice of Russian court proceedings is to grant the right to be heard to any child who is able to formulate his or her views. The Convention on the Rights of the Child enshrines the very notion of ‘child’; Russian legislation does not use this term, referring to a particular age category of minors. International law does not differentiate the procedural legal personality of minors on the basis of age; Russian legislation, on the contrary, differentiates the legal personality of minors, gradually granting them part of its content, actively using the institution of representation, thereby providing minors with full access to justice. The right to be heard in court, provided for in Article 12 of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, is only part of the content of the procedural legal capacity of a minor granted by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
minor, child's rights, legal personality, legal capacity, procedural rights, international law, guardianship, the right to be heard in court, judicial protection, access to justice
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