The authors study the relationship between the concepts of national security and banking system in detail. The novelty is determined by the fact that the subject of the research is a strategic planning document of the Russian Federation that has a direct impact on the legal policy of the state. The analysis of the content of the National Security Strategy provides an opportunity to conclude that the banking system acts, on the one hand, as an element of national security, expanding this concept if being included, on the other hand, it is a factor in ensuring national security. Also main activities of the state to ensure national security by achieving a state of economic stability and security of the banking system are identified. The system of state measures that ensures the elimination of threats and the achievement of the desired level of security and safety has been described.